Permanent advantages
1. Material advantage
2. Bad king position
3. Passed pawns in the middlegame
4. Weak pawns for the opponent
5. Strong and weak squares
6. Pawn islands
7. Strong pawn center
8. Control of a diagonal
9. Control of a file
10. Bishop pair
11. Control of a rank
Temporary advantages
12. Bad piece position
13. Inharmoniously placed pieces
14. Advantage in development
15. Concentration of pieces in the center (centralization)
16. Space advantage