“If you want to get better at chess you need to place much less emphasis on ‘study’ whereby you increase your knowledge of positions, and place more emphasis on ‘training,’ whereby you try to solve problems, play practice games, or perhaps try to beat a strong computer program from an advantageous position.” (p.25).
“Chess skill emerges from chess playing combined with chess training, where ‘training’ means working things out by yourself. The main skill a chess-player needs is skill in making decisions, so that’s what you need to do and do repeatedly. If you want to become a better player, you need better habits, and you cultivate better habits through training. The best training is the kind that pushes you up against the edges of your comfort zone, where you force yourself to take responsibility for difficult decisions. It is so much easier to read books that give strategic guidelines, hints and tips, etc., but what you need is ‘know how’ and that means learning by doing.” (p.29)
“…The main function of chess trainers should be to guide the training of their students, rather than to teach them directly. The best thing you can do for a student is to select interesting positions for them and analyse them carefully so you can see the kinds of things that the student is missing. The trouble with this approach is prosaic, but real. Chess tutors are normally paid by the hour, and this tends to make you think that you should be showing the students certain things, imparting knowledge, giving hints and tips, etc. This is understandable, but much more useful, I think, is to give the student difficult positions to solve, to be there in a supportive role as they solve them, and then carefully consider what the student missed and why.” (p.66)
Category: Training
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Chess is More a Game of Skill than Knowledge
Johnathan Rowson in Chess for Zebras -
Anatomy of a Chess Player : Chess Ratings From Beginner to Expert
How A Chess Player Improves from a 1000 Beginner Rating to a 2000 Expert Rating
Below are the knowledge and skills a beginning chess player must acquire to improve their chess rating to improve from a chess beginner to an expert level chess player. The idea is to show the estimated chess rating, the required knowledge and skill, and the time it would take them to attain a specific ELO rating and chess level. Find out in which category you fall to determine the knowledge and chess skills you need to move on to the to the next chess level.
I would love to get feedback from more knowledgeable players and coaches, since I think this might be helpful to chess players that are just starting out all the way to an approximate 1700 rating. The idea is for players to focus on those areas that they need to work on in order to reach the next level.
Chess Rating Improvement Breakdown from Chess Beginner to Chess Expert
0-1000 (0-3 months of experience) The realm of the beginning chess player. At this stage the player has just learned the game, they constantly leave pieces en prise, and make many blunders. Player has no tactical, endgame, or positional knowledge. Player does not know about chess strategy and has no evaluation or analysis skills.
1000-1100 (3-6 months of experience) Beginning player now has several games under their belt. They have very basic tactical knowledge and they continue to make blunders and to leave pieces en prise. Plays without a plan.
1100-1200 (1-2 years of experience) Beginning player continues to make many blunders. At this level they have learned basic tactics. Occasionally leaves pieces en prise, but this is not a common occurrence. Sometimes plays with a plan, but the plan is usually incorrect. At this point the player sees many offensive tactics but they miss most defensive tactics.
1200-1300 (2-3 years of experience) Player begins to understand that chess is a two player game, and begins to ask what the opponent’s last move is threatening. Blunders still occur but less frequently. One major reason for their rating increase, is that player stops leaving pieces en prise. Player has intermediate tactical skills but still misses many defensive tactical shots. Starts to build an opening repertoire, which gets them into the middlegame with a better position. Very limited endgame and positional skills. Starts making better plans due to limited endgame and positional knowledge.
1300-1400 (3-4 years of experience) Advanced beginner. Players at this level have reached an intermediate thought process. player Looks for Checks, Captures and threats after opponents moves. Does not leave pieces en prise. Very good with offensive tactics and improving on the defensive tactics side, but still misses some. Still building opening repertoire. Starts learning basic endgame and middlegame strategy, but knowledge is still very basic. This level is an important milestone for the beginning chess player because they are on the verge of being an intermediate player. 1400-1500 (5-6 years of experience) Intermediate level player. Good thought process, does not leave pieces en prise. Advanced tactically, both on offense and defense (might occasionally miss a defensive tactic). Has an opening repertoire and plays pet openings. Has intermediate endgame, positional and analysis skills. One of the reasons for low rating is players poor positional evaluation abilities. Will probably need a chess coach to improve further. 1500-1700 (6-7 years of experience) Advanced intermediate player. Advanced tactical skills and thought process. Player has Intermediate endgame and positional skills at this stage. Intermediate positional evaluation and analysis skills. Should have a chess trainer, and play against strong opposition in order to improve as well as a strong focus on the endgame, positional and evaluation skills. 1700-1900 (7-8 years of experience) Near expert level player. Advanced tactical skills and thought process. Very strong endgame and positional skills. Intermediate evaluation skills. Very good analyst. Player needs to continue focusing on evaluation and analysis skills. Opening theory knowledge becomes an important component for further improvement. Player has a good database of structures that that can help them when they reach unfamiliar positions in OTB play. Player should reach expert level in approximately 2 more years, which falls in line with expert theory which claims that it takes 10 years to become an expert in any field. Update 2/6/15 This post has been the most popular on this site for a very long time. Thank you for taking the time to add your opinions and feedback. I plan on doing a follow up post in the future, with all of the things I have learned from all of you. It is still not too late to comment, all of your feedback on how you have improved in chess levels is very valuable. [feather_share]
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Chess Board Visualization Exercise #4
Previous Exercises:
– Exercise 1
– Exercise 2
– Exercise 3For exercise 4, using the board look at all of the squares controlled by:
– the f1-bishop developed to e2 (place only this bishop on the board)
– the f1-bishop developed to d3, c4, b5
– the f8-bishop developed on e7, d6, c5, b4
– all remaining bishops as aboveThen, without the use of the board repeat the exercise again visualizing the squares controlled by the bishops above.
Perform this exercise for 2 sessions or until you feel comfortable.
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Kotov's Method for Chess Improvement
The Road to Chess Improvement
Ruke Vin Hansen in his amazing article Mind Games: Who is Doing the Playing? comes to the conclusion that the best way to improve chess skill is not through reading chess books or watching DVDs. He argues that reading more books only helps fill your short term memory whereas quality moves are a result of the subconscious processes which are not affected by the “conscious” short term memory.
Hansen asserts that the best way to improve playing strength, improve judgement and to combat blunder tendencies is to follow a similar approach as that found in Kotov’s Think Like a Grandmaster.Here is the process described by Hansen:
No matter what position you choose to analyse, opening, middle game or end game, complex or simple; find annotated games and play through them till you to come to the point with the greatest number of variations.
Cover up the annotations with a sheet of paper and, without moving the pieces, analyze the position from 30 minutes to an hour. If the variations are extremely complex, you might write down your analyzes while analyzing.
When time is out, stop analyzing and uncover the annotations in the book or magazine, and compare your notes with the annotator’s. (This is crucial since this trains and disciplines the brain’s ability to perceive positions correctly)
Strictly speaking, this, and not his highly criticized graphic presentation of tree-analyzes, is the Kotov-method. This was the method catapulting Kotov to super GM strength and even if Kotov was unable to, we can partly explain why it works, and in short, it can be put as TWT or “Targeted Wiring Training”. As long as thinking is subconscious, we have no idea what the mind looks like when pondering or producing chess moves or analysing positions. This method simultaneously teaches a whole array of different chess skills even if not targeted individually or specifically.
When starting out, there might be a great discrepancy between your analysis and the annotators’ but with time, you learn to delineate relevant moves and variations as this training and final comparison will exercise and target the mind’s ability to perceive chess positions and produce high quality moves. Initially, this system of training may appear time consuming and even monotonous, but patience and diligence will return generous rewards since you will:
* Achieve total mastery of a new and important position
* Broaden your opening repertoire and theoretical knowledge.
* Become better acquainted with positions of similar pawn structures or themes (note; not “pattern”)
* Absorb motifs which you can also apply to other positions.
* Dramatically improve combinative skill.
* Improve both long and short range planning.
* Analyze more deeply, accurately and efficiently.
* Increase concentration and attention span.
* Sharpen board visualization.
* Develop patience and perseverance
* control impulsive tendencies.
For the full article please go to: http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=5055
For those of you who follow Dan Heisman, this training technique is very similar to Stoyko Exercises.
Stoyko Exercises
from Dan Heisman’s Exercises pageA summary of Stoyko exercise:
1) Find a fairly complicated position
2) Get out a pen/pencil and paper
3) You have unlimited time
4) Write down every (pertinent) line for as deep as you can see, making sure to include an evaluation at the end of the line. This will likely include dozens of lines and several first ply candidate moves. Evaluations can be any type you like:
a) Computer (in pawns, like +.3)
b) MCO/Informant (=, +/=, etc.)
c) English (“White is a little better”)5) At the end state which move you would play and it’s “best play for both sides” line becomes the PV
6) When you are done, go over each line and its evaluation with a strong player and/or a computer. Look for:
a) Lines/moves you should have analyzed but missed
b) Any errors in visualization (retained images, etc.)
c) Any lines where you stopped analyzing too soon, thus causing a big error in evaluation (quiescence errors)
d) Any large errors in evaluation of any line
e) Whether the above caused you to chose the wrong move
etc. -
Detailed Chess Training Schedule
Building upon the generic training schedule the detailed chess training schedule includes information on the topics and materials to be covered during my chess training sessions. This list is customized for me, but I am including it as an example for others to build upon as well as for my own reference.
Monday July 13th
Study Endings using Silman’s Endgame Course (1hr)
Solve tactics on chess.com (30min)Tuesday July 14th
Study Strategy from My System (1hr)
Solve endings using Chess Tempo (30min)Wednesday July 15th
Play G/30 Game
Annotate gameThursday July 16th
Solve strategy using content from Chess Master Schools (1hr)
Solve tactics on chess.com (30min)Friday July 17th
Study openings (Nimzo-Indian) (1hr)
Solve endings using Chess Tempo (30min)Saturday July 18th
Play G/30 Game
Annotate gameSunday July 19th
Catch-up day -
Endgame Positions
I have added a JavaScript replay chess board which contains critical endgame positions. Right now it contains three positions mainly King and pawn endgames dealing with the opposition, but I plan on adding more every couple of days.
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Chess Board Visualization Exercise #3
After mastering exercise 1 and exercise 2 you are ready to move on to the third chess board visualization exercise.
Using the board look at all of the squares controlled by:
– a knight on c3
– a knight on f3
– a knight on c6
– a knight on f6Then, without the use of the board repeat the exercise again visualizing the squares controlled by the knight on f3, c6 and f6.
Perform this exercise for two sessions or until you feel comfortable. You should also repeat exercise #2 until you are extremely comfortable performing it.
Remember it is important to build upon fundamentals, and exercise # 2 is an important building block in developing chess visualization skills.
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Chess Training Schedule
Day 1
Study endings (1hr)
Solve tactics (30min)Day 2
Study strategy (1hr)
Solve endings (30min)Day 3
Play long game (1hr)
Solve tactics (30min)Day 4
Solve strategy (1hr)
Solve tactics (30min)Day 5
Study openings (1hr)
Solve endings (30min)Day 6
Play long game (1hr)
Solve tactics (30min)Day 7
Off day -
These Things Take Time : The Challenges Adults Face When Learning Chess
(first in a series of adult learning posts)
“These things take time.” the grand master explained to his young pupil. Ten years and nearly one thousand rating points later, the student now finally realized the truth in the words of his teacher. One must realize that there is no quick fix to becoming an expert in any field, you need to pay your dues and in time you will reach one of many “a-ha” moments as your skills improve.
Cognitive psychologists Chase & Simon in 1973 studied chess experts and found that they had often spent as many as 50,000 hours practicing chess. That means that a 35 year old master who has spent 50,000 hours playing chess must have spent 4-5 hours everyday for thirty years on the chessboard starting at the age of 5.
Good heuristics on the time it takes to improve and reach certain milestones in your chess development could go like this (Note that results may vary based on the amount of time you spend, and the intensity of your training sessions):
- The average adult will need to invest approximately 5 years of practice to become a decent player (ELO 1600)
- The average adult will need to invest approximately 10 years to become an expert (ELO 1900-2000).
- Because time is against them, the average adult learner will have an extraordinarily difficulty time in surpassing the 2000 ELO rating.
- Measureable progress comes in 6-12 month periods.
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Recommended Chess Books by Rating
Best Chess Books by Rating
Chess Rating: 1200-1400
1) Chess Tactics for Students
by John Bain
2) Logical Chess Move by Move by Irving Chernev
3) Back to Basics: Tactics (ChessCafe Back to Basics Chess)
by Dan Heisman
4) Winning Chess Tactics, revised (Winning Chess – Everyman Chess)
by Seirawan
5) Silman’s Complete Endgame Course
by Jeremy Silman
Chess Rating: 1400-1600
1) Modern Chess Strategyby Ludek Pachman
2) The Most Instructive Games of Chess Ever Played
by Irving Chernev
3) Chess Training Pocket Book
by Lev alburt
4) Chess Exam and Training Guide
By Igor Khelmenitsky
Chess Rating: 1600-1700 1) The Amateur's Mindby J. Silman 2) Alekhine's Best Games 3) Practical Chess Exercises
by Cheng 4) Capablanca's Best Chess Endings 5) Chess Praxis by Nimozwitch Chess Rating: 1700-1800 1) Art of Attack in Chess
by Victor Vukovic 2) My 60 Memorable Games
by Bobby Fischer 3) One Hundred Selected Games by Botnnivik 4) Understanding Chess Move by Move
by Nunn Chess Rating: 1800-2000 1) How to Reassess Your Chess
by J. Silman 2) Fire On Board
by Alexei Shirov 3) Fundamental Chess Endings
by Mueller 4) Improve your Chess Now By Johnathan Tillman 5) Dvoretsky's Analytical Manual
by Dvoretsky 6) Chess Strategy for Club Players by Grooten 7) Zurich International Chess Tournament, 1953
8. Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual
by Dvoretsky 9) My System by Nimzowitch 11) Think Like a Grandmaster by Kotov